تقديم الفعل على الفاعل في اللغة الانجليزية

تقديم الفعل على الفاعل في اللغة الانجليزية

تقديم الفعل على الفاعل
Inversion of subject and verb After certain adverbs
في غير حالات الاستفهام و بدء الجملة بــ here أو there قد يقدم الفعل على الفاعل في الاسلوب الأدبي أو القانوني لذا يفضل عدم لجوء الطالب اليه في غير ضرورة .

يأتي الفعل قبل الفاعل في الحالات الاتية: Questions :

Are you at home at 7 o’clock ?
Where did he go yesterday
Question tags
is a doctor , isn’t he ?
She came late , didn’t she ?

بدلا من if عند حذفها في الاسلوب الأدبي أو القانوني

if he worked hard , he would succeed .
should he work hard , he would succeed .
if he had run fast , he would have caught the train .
had he run fast , he would have caught the train .
if I were you , I would help him .
were I you , would help him .

اذا جاءت الصفة في أول الجملة بقصد أعطائها قوة في التعبير في الاسلوب الأدبي خاصة

The pupil was happy when he succeeded .
Happy was the pupil when he succeeded .
The lesson is difficult to answer .
Difficult is the lesson to answer .

اذا جاءت الظروف الاتية في أول الجملة بقصد التأكيـد

لا أبداَ I have never been to London Never have I been to London	never
غالبا He has often warned me not to listen to her Often has he warned me not to listen to her	Often
بلا جدوى – عبثاَ He tried in vain to open the door Vainly did he try to open the door	In vain (vainly )
عند بدء الجملة بـــ here أو there أو then The man I spoke to you about is here Here is the man I spoke to you about Here comes the milkman	Here
بمعنى ( يوجد ) There are flowers of all colors in the garden There have been many wars in the history of the world . There و الى هناك goes everyone Then و تلا ذلك marched soldiers	There is Are Have been
ليس في أي مكان Water is found nowhere in the desert Nowhere in desert is water found	Nowhere
لم يعد بعد We no longer use kerosene stoves No longer do we use kerosene stoves	No longer
نادراَ Mona seldom visits us Seldom does mona visit us	Seldom Rarely
مرتين I visited Europe twice Twice did I visit Europe	Twice
قلما Little does he realize how foolish he looks	Little
بأي حال من الاحوال On no account must you smoke again	On no account
كلا – حاشا – مطلقا By no means does he smoke At no time has it been so easy as nowadays	By no means

بعد الظروف التي تبدأ بــ only

مثل :

Only by chance
Only with difficulty
Only on rare occasions
Only by luck
Only when
Only then
Only today
Only yesterday

Only then can we overcome our problems
فقط عندما نتُمْكِنُ أَنْ نَتغلّبَ على مشاكلِنا
Only by luck could he pass the test .

بعد and so ( عطف مثبت على مثبت )

and neither (عطف نفى على نفى )

he likes chocolate and so does she
he doesn’t like chocolate and neither does she

اذا جاءت العبارات الاتية في أول الجملة

No sooner ………..than………
Hardly …………… when……..
Scarcely ………….. when ……..
Not only …………..……………
So …………………. such ………

No sooner had he bought his bicycle than he smashed
Hardly had he recovered from influenza when he caught malaria
So hot is the pot that I can’t hold id
Such a noise did they make that no one overtook him يلاحقه
Such was their noise that I almost burst with anger
هكذا كَانَت ضوضائَهم حيث أَطْفحُ بالغضبِ تقريباً
Not only did he break his promise but he told a lie as well
لَيسَ فقط نَقضَ وعدَه لَكنَّه أخبرَ كذبة أيضاً